Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
https://www.revodontolunesp.com.br/article/doi/10.1590/1807-2577.1020
Revista de Odontologia da UNESP
Original Article

Histomorphometric evaluation of the association between bioglass and lyophilized bovine bone in the treatment of critical bone defects created on rat calvaria: a pilot study

Avaliação histomorfométrica da associação entre biovidro e osso bovino liofi lizado no tratamento de defeitos ósseos críticos criados em calvárias de ratos. Estudo piloto

Spin, José Rodolfo; Oliveira, Guilherme José Pimentel Lopes de; Spin-Neto, Rubens; Pires, Juliana Rico; Tavares, Hewerson Santos; Ykeda, F.; Marcantonio, Rosemary Adriana Chiérici

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Abstract

Objective: This study sought to histomorphometrically evaluate the effect of bioglass (B), lyophilized bovine bone (BB) or the 1:1 mixture of these two biomaterials on the repair of critical bone defects in rat calvaria. Material and method: Bone defects (8 mm Ø) were surgically created in the calvaria of 24 rats, which were divided into the following 4 groups of 6 animals each according to the type of biomaterial used: blood clot / coagulum (control) group (CG), bioglass group (BG), lyophilized bovine bone group (BBG) and a group receiving a mixture of these two biomaterials (BG/BB). The animals were euthanized at 15 or 60 days after surgery (3 animals per period). Histological evaluation was based on the morphological description of the newly formed tissues, and a quantification of the percentage of bone tissue with newly formed fibrous connective tissue and the percentage of biomaterial remaining in the bone defect was performed for the histomorphometric evaluation. Result: In both experimental periods, the histological analysis showed new bone formation, especially at the edges of the defects and around remaining biomaterial particles. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the CG contained a higher percentage of bone tissue over the 15-day period compared to that of the other groups. At 60 days, the BBG showed a higher percentage of bone tissue compared to that of the BG (p <0.01). Conclusion: Lyophilized bovine bone led to greater bone formation compared to bioglass, but none of the biomaterials was superior to blood clot. Moreover, the combination of bioglass and lyophilized bovine bone did not provide an advantage for bone formation.

Keywords

Histology, bone, bone repair.

Resumo

Objetivo: Avaliar histomorfometricamente o efeito de biovidro (B), osso bovino liofilizado (OB) ou da mistura desses dois biomateriais (B/OB - 1:1) no reparo de defeitos ósseos críticos em calvária de ratos. Material e método: Defeitos ósseos (8 mm Ø) foram criados cirurgicamente na calvária de 24 ratos, distribuídos em 4 grupos com 6 animais, de acordo com o tipo de biomaterial: coágulo sanguíneo (GC), biovidro (GB), osso bovino liofilizado (GOB) e a mistura desses dois biomateriais (GB/OB). Os animais foram eutanasiados após 15 e 60 dias do procedimento cirúrgico (3 animais por período). A avaliação histológica foi baseada na descrição da morfologia dos tecidos neoformados, enquanto para a avaliação histomorfométrica foi realizada quantificação da porcentagem de tecido ósseo, de tecido conjuntivo fibroso neoformados e de biomaterial remanescente no defeito ósseo. Resultado: Nos dois períodos experimentais, a análise histológica apresentou neoformação óssea, principalmente nas bordas dos defeitos, e ao redor de partículas de biomateriais remanescentes. A avaliação histomorfométrica demonstrou que no período de 15 dias o grupo GC apresentou maior percentagem de tecido ósseo em relação aos demais grupos estudados, enquanto que aos 60 dias o grupo GOB apresentou maior porcentagem de tecido ósseo em relação ao grupo GB. Conclusão: O osso bovino liofilizado apresentou maior formação óssea em relação ao biovidro, mas nenhum dos biomateriais foi superior ao coágulo. A associação do biovidro e osso bovino liofilizado não adicionou vantagem à formação óssea.

Palavras-chave

Histologia, osso, reparo ósseo.

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